What are the types of interior doors, their designs and manufacturing materials
The interior of the room is formed by a combination of many elements, materials and building structures. The types of interior doors on the market are varied in the arrangement and materials from which they are made. They differ in design, thereby providing the possibility of their use in rooms with different styles.
The choice of interior doors for a country house, apartment or office is based on a number of conditions: the attractiveness of the appearance and the style of the room; design reliability; way of opening.
The owner of the premises has a choice between the purchase of ready-made doors in a retail chain or an order for its manufacture in a specialized company. The range of building structures in this market segment is huge. Here there are relatively inexpensive samples for the general consumer and piece goods for wealthy customers.
Content:
The difference between interior doors by device
Until recently, the main material for the manufacture of such structures was exclusively wood. The geometric dimensions and physical properties of the boards used in this process determine the main methods for manufacturing doors.
By device products are:
Paneled
Shield
Each of these structures has its own advantages and features that must be considered when choosing.
Panel doors
Panel doors have a rather complicated device, which consists of the following elements:
- Standing Tsar;
- Baguette;
- Filenka;
- Lower and upper king.
The supporting structure is made of solid boards and is a lattice with several openings. The frame consists of vertical and horizontal elements joined together by glued spike joints.
The openings in the frame are filled with curly panels, which are fixed in different ways. This can be thin rails, glazing beads, and tongue-and-groove joints. Panels made of natural wood of large width are made from a workpiece, which is glued from two boards. This eliminates the possibility of cracking the part. Glass, panels from MDF or chipboard are also used as filling.
Panel doors
Components of the shield door:
- MDF;
- Veneer;
- Honeycomb core;
- Wood frame;
- Frame reinforcement elements.
Modern panel doors are a frame made of natural wood with MDF paneling. As a placeholder, cardboard honeycombs are most often used. Such a door has a relatively light weight, with sufficient structural strength. The door leaf of this type can be either solid or with glazed openings. The cost of such products is much lower than that of paneled products.
The following materials can act as a filler for such doors:
- wooden blocks;
- Chipboard;
- MDF;
- corrugated cardboard.
In the photo you can see the internal structure of the panel doors.
Types of interior doors by material of manufacture and decoration
Previously, interior doors were made exclusively from natural wood of different species. Currently, in the manufacture of door leafs, composite materials, polymers and glass are widely used. As coatings, for interior doors of common types, increasingly, laminated wood-fiber panels are used.
The material used in the production determines the consumer properties and operational characteristics of the product.The cost of the door leaf depends on the type of wood, technology and method of processing the outer surfaces. One of the decisive factors when choosing products for arranging premises is durability and resistance to external influences.
Solid wood doors
Such designs usually belong to the highest price category. Doors from the massif are mainly made of valuable species of wood:
- hornbeam;
- oak;
- a nut;
- teak
- ash.
Premium samples are often made from exotic types of raw materials: rosewood, Karelian birch, red, ebony or black Coromandel tree. Such doors are usually made by specialized tailor-made ateliers and designer projects.
By design, products from the massif can be either paneled or panel board. The latter have a smooth surface with an original pattern. Such doors are assembled from separate planks for back-to-back gluing; for durability, the joints are made tongue-and-groove. Each element is selected according to the drawing, and the canvas is carefully polished and polished to achieve the desired effect.
Veneered doors
To improve the appearance of products from inexpensive wood species, different types of coatings are often used. One of the most common technologies is veneering. In this case, the basis of the door is usually inexpensive pine lumber or chipboard. On both sides of the board, veneer of valuable wood is glued, which is subsequently sanded and opened with furniture lacquer.
This technology is applicable in the production of both panel doors with smooth external surfaces and with relief. Veneered products are environmentally friendly; for their production, natural wood and special wood glue are used. When using them, it is necessary to maintain a certain temperature regime in the room and to avoid humidity. Violation of these conditions leads to swelling of the wood and delamination of the coatings.
It may be difficult for a simple consumer to distinguish veneered doors from solid wood doors, because they have a natural texture.
Plastic doors
In the manufacture of door leafs, polymeric materials are widely used. PVC panels are lined with frames assembled from a relatively inexpensive pine board. The design for rigidity is reinforced with additional bars and glued with decorative plastic plates.
In the manufacture of polymer panels, their outer surface is given a texture that imitates wood of different species. Additionally, a film with the corresponding pattern is applied to it.
The advantages of such doors include:
- resistance to moisture;
- high strength;
- excellent heat and sound insulating properties.
The use of elastic gaskets makes such structures airtight, which allows them to be used in bathrooms, bathrooms, swimming pools, greenhouses and conservatories.
Laminated Doors
The door leaf consists of a wooden frame glued on both sides with MDF panels filled with cellular corrugated cardboard or chipboard. The outer surfaces of the cladding have a laminated coating of polyvinyl chloride film. The latter performs decorative and protective functions: protecting the structure from moisture.
The device of laminated doors with chipboard filler.
Photo: www.simpsondoor.com
Laminated doors are most common due to the relatively low price. The quality of products directly depends on the thickness and properties of the film. The shape of the doors can be very different: from simple - flat to complex imitations - with many panels. Also on sale are products with glazed openings, which are in demand among the population.
Glass doors
In recent years, transparent designs have become increasingly popular in interiors. At home, glass doors look quite presentable. They separate the premises, while expanding the space. For the manufacture of such doors, impact-resistant glass with a thickness of at least 8 mm is used, which gives them sufficient strength.
To install such a canvas, canopies specially designed for these purposes are used. Given the significant weight of the products, rather high strength requirements are imposed on door frames. The most popular among consumers were glass sliding structures.
Types of interior doors by opening method
The door leaf is installed in the opening and closes it, isolating the premises of one from the other. There is a division of interior doors into several types according to both their design and the way the sash moves. Below are all possible opening options that are used in the equipment of the premises.
Swing Doors
This design can safely be recognized as classic. Hinged doors are hinged to the vertical rack of the box; when closed, the blade enters a special groove. To install this design, you need a lot of space for its free movement.
The advantages of swing doors are the simplicity and reliability of the design. To achieve maximum tightness, if necessary, an elastic sealant is placed along the contour. The design is equipped with locks or latches to prevent spontaneous opening and unauthorized entry of unauthorized persons.
Sliding doors
Structures of this kind are used in confined spaces and as part of partitions to divide large rooms into zones. Sliding doors can consist of one or two wings. They are mounted on special rollers that move along the guides parallel to the wall. The use of such a scheme provides ease of movement of the canvas.
Sliding doors are made of almost all possible materials: wood, composites or glass. This design is the safest of all proposed, the sash's trajectory excludes the possibility of injury to a person with a sharp opening.
In fact, the varieties of sliding doors are so vast that we wrote a separate article about them, where we examined them in detail.
- See the article: Types of Sliding Doors.
Folding doors
These designs are an accordion, which consists of several hinged wings. When closing the folding doors, they rotate around the vertical axis and in the extreme position are parallel to each other. Such structures occupy a middle position between sliding and swinging.
Folding doors are used mainly in large openings and can consist of one or two parts that move in different directions. Typically, such structures are made light enough to provide ease of movement. Sashes often have partial glazing.
Swinging doors
Such a device is a special case of a swing structure. Swinging doors can be single or double, depending on the configuration of the room and the width of the opening. The box has larger dimensions than the canvas, and the design of the canopies allows their opening both inward and outward.
Swing doors cannot boast of good tightness and require a lot of space to ensure its movement of its wings. The main advantage of this design is the possibility of a fairly free passage from one room to another. A flap is always easier to push than to pull on.
Dimensions of interior doors
The dimensions of doors and boxes for their installation are established by the current GOST 6629-88. For convenience, the data are summarized in the table:
| Web width mm | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1100 | 2×600 | 2×700 | 2×900 |
| Web Height, mm | 2000 | 2300 | ||||||
| Box height mm | 2071 | 2371 | ||||||
| Box width mm | 670 | 770 | 870 | 970 | 1170 | 1272 | 1472 | 1872 |
The choice of the type of door depends on many factors and not least on its cost. The price category is determined by the materials, design and method of opening the product.Of great importance in the selection of designs are the dimensions of the room and their configuration.
