How to sheathe walls inside a wooden house - the right choice of material
A wooden house is one of the best solutions in terms of environmentally friendly, inexpensive and comfortable housing. But he will possess these characteristics only if certain rules are observed during the construction and decoration, both external and internal.
The walls of a wooden house are different from stone and block - they require a certain humidity, temperature, moderate mechanical stress. In addition, living material is characterized by constant gas exchange with the external environment - finishing materials must freely pass air.
Not all types of finishes have the required properties, when choosing what to sheathe walls in a wooden house inside, you need to know what materials the tree combines with and which ones are better not to use. In the proposed article, we will try to give exhaustive information about the features of finishing a house’s interior from wood.
Content:
When to start interior decoration of a house made of wood
Unlike block and brick buildings, houses made of timber or logs give tangible shrinkage. This fact can not be ignored when performing finishing work and when installing communications. The house takes its residual size after a certain period after the end of installation.
Rafters and walls when installing a log house.
Rafters and walls in a year.
The terms of shrinkage are different and depend on the material from which the house is built:
- glued beam - 90 - 120 days;
- ordinary timber and log cabins - at least 1 year.
The rate of shrinkage depends on many factors, the main of which are humidity and air temperature in the area where the house is built. It is recommended to start work after caulking joints between logs or timber.
In many cases, when the timber is neatly laid, there is no need to trim it with other materials from the inside. It is enough to cover the walls with azure, paint or varnish for interior use or water-based impregnation. The natural beauty of the tree itself has excellent decorative properties.
The house is made of timber, which has not undergone additional interior decoration.
When decorating, the use of anti-mold and antifungal preparations and the fire treatment of walls and other wooden structures should not be forgotten. Today, almost all paint and varnish manufacturers have environmentally friendly and effective means in their product lines, which allow all types of processing to be carried out without special costs. But with not too smooth walls, a desire to change the interior or redevelopment of the house, the walls are closed with other materials of various kinds.
Recommended materials for the interior decoration of a wooden house
When deciding what to sheathe a wooden house inside, you should focus on materials with similar properties to natural wood. This will avoid a conflict of materials in terms of vapor permeability, thermal expansion, moisture absorption, thermal insulation and other basic properties. A number of finishing materials are made of natural wood - lining and cork panels. They are the perfect solution.
But among these types of finishes, there are many varieties and modifications. Choose from them the option that most suits the design of the house, the style of the interior and the financial capabilities of the owner. In most cases, lining is used as one of the most convenient to install and inexpensive materials with excellent decorative properties.
Lining
The finishing material got its name from the boards with which the wooden cars were lined. They are equipped with spike / groove locks along the entire length of the side faces, which determine the tightness and strength of the joints. From natural carriage sheathing, in fact, only these locks were preserved. The lining itself lost in width and thickness, but won in appearance.
There are several types of lining used for interior decoration. You can divide all varieties into two main types - regular and euro lining. The fact is that the European standard DIN 68126/86 is more stringent in shape and size, as well as surface quality. Therefore, it is customary to call any quality material a lining, regardless of the place of its manufacture, if only it meets the requirements of DIN.
They mainly relate to moisture of the material, smoothness of surface treatment, tenon length and groove depth. The thickness of the euro-lamellas is 12.5, the width is 96 mm (with a spike). Also, ventilation grooves should be cut on the back of the boards.
The presence of pile on the front side, distortions of the grooves of the groove or deviations in the thickness of the tenon is not allowed. The connection should be easy, holding the spike in the groove as firmly as possible. With any temperature deformations and changes in humidity, the lamellas should not diverge by an amount that allows the appearance of through cracks. In any case, the lining maintains the tightness of the coating.
#1. Different profiles of lining.
In appearance of the finished wall, various modifications of the lining can vary significantly. This is determined by the shape of the profile of the outside. For example, in a traditional euro-lining near a tenon, a longitudinal chamfer is selected, which can have a different shape. It is perfectly visible on the wall in the form of a relief seam.
SoftlineIf the longitudinal chamfer is rounded, then the lining is called Softline - one of the most common types of finishing material.
Its popularity is determined by the absence of sharp ribs, which eliminates or reduces the likelihood of burrs and chips. This lining is most often used for finishing baths and saunas, but it is quite appropriate in the corridors, hallways, living rooms and other residential premises.
Calm.The next most popular sort of euro lining is “Calm”. It is completely devoid of chamfer and after installation, the seams are not so noticeable. Naturally, they exist, but their relief is very weakly expressed.
In appearance, the walls sheathed with "Calm" take the form of folded from natural timber. The thickness of the lamellas is increased to 25 mm and the finish with this material has increased strength.
Block house. Also an imitation of more durable material, this time - round logs. Often the front surface has such a precision of processing that with skillful installation it is impossible to distinguish a lining from a natural log even with close examination.
Most often, this type of decoration is used for decorating facades, but inside the house it is quite appropriate.
Landhouse. This type of lining belongs to the elite class. It differs in a special way of processing the front surface using milling cutters of various configurations, which allows you to give the wall a very decorative look. Some collections are made using wood carvings, which allows the decoration of exquisite interiors. True, the thread is made by extruding perspiration with a thermal press, but decorativeness does not suffer from this.
American. It has a rather unusual triangular profile, in which the spike smoothly passes into the front part, without the slightest protrusion. Lined with "American" wall looks exactly covered with siding. Since siding is an American invention, the lining got its name associated with this continent.
Double-sided lining. An original variety of material with two front surfaces. This gives a greater opportunity to choose a pattern and texture when decorating critical areas. However, at the same time an important property of the lining is lost - moisture resistance and the absence of temperature deformations.There are no ventilation ducts on the lamellas, which limits the use of this type of cladding in humid and unheated rooms and on the street.
#2. Varieties of lining.
A feature of the production of lining is that all processes are performed on the same machines and equipment, and products are sorted by classes after. Lamellas are selected according to the number of defects - the presence of knots, tar spots, biological lesions, color changes and other indicators.
As a result of selection, varieties appear:
- Extra;
- Class A;
- Class B;
- Class C.
Lining "Extra" is characterized by the complete absence of knots and cracks. Mounted on the wall without the slightest additional processing. Class “A” allows the presence of no more than 2 - 3 knots and small chips per 1 m of board length. End cracks are also allowed, with a salinity of not more than 10% (for coniferous species) and slight deviations in color, also within 10% of the total number of boards in the package.
On the front side of a class “B” lining you can see fallen knots with a diameter of up to 2 cm, resin pockets and some tarred surface. Up to 5% of the lamellas can have traces of damage from the life of insects, some color defects are allowed.
Lining class "C" - the rest of the boards, rejected during sorting into higher classes. But they cannot be considered unsuitable for use - on subtle sections of the wall or when covering architecturally complex architectural details where a large number of short boards are needed, such a lining is quite useful and will save material of class “A” or even “Extra”.
For lining of all classes, deviations in geometric dimensions are allowed along the length of not more than 50 mm, in width - up to 1 mm and in thickness not more than half a millimeter.
#3. What kind of wood lining is better.
When deciding what to finish a wooden house inside, one often has to decide which wood species to choose from lining. The fact is that this type of material is made from almost any tree and it’s not more difficult to find an oak for sale, for example, a lining that is coniferous. It is only a matter of price.
The most popular are conifers - spruce, pine, larch, cedar. Each of them has its own characteristics.
Spruce is very soft, which allows you to give the lining any relief. The surface is very smooth, with a beautiful texture, almost without patterns. The disadvantages include a high level of moisture absorption, lining of spruce must be treated with water-repellent drugs.
Pine - the closest to spruce, but lower in density and rather tarry. Drops of resin may be released even after several years of use. But due to the low price and prevalence of the material, as well as the convenience of processing, it is no less popular.
Larch is an elite material of high strength. Even with significant mechanical stress, it does not crack and does not form a splinter. It is very beautiful, with a characteristic reddish-brown color and a perfectly developed pattern. Over time, the strength of the material increases, as well as resistance to insects and fungal infections. Only a price can be considered a drawback, but quality must be paid. A wall lined with larch will last 50-100% longer than a pine one.
Cedar is a very dense, resinous wood with a characteristic odor, low thermal conductivity and high strength. The presence of natural flavors scares away many insects, in particular mosquitoes. Very interesting color and pattern.
Hardwood paneling is no less popular coniferous. Most often, for the manufacture of lining, oak, linden, alder are used. For baths and saunas, aspen is indispensable. Hardwood is used primarily for interior decoration. For exquisite interiors, breeds with a bright pattern and their own color are chosen, for example, oak, cherry, walnut (rarely). Linden and alder are more often used in common areas, kitchens, corridors, hallways. They are perfectly tinted for more expensive breeds, although, for example, alder, they also have their own characteristic color.
For decoration of small fragments of walls and ceilings, lining from exotic woods from other continents is sometimes purchased. It is quite expensive, but it can create a stunning visual effect.
#4. The dimensions of the lining.
The standard dimensions of the lamellas may vary from different manufacturers, but in most cases they are pretty close. The length of the lining is in the range of 0.3 - 6 meters. The thickness of the lamellas is within 12.4 mm, and the width is 96-100 mm. But there are other sizes.
When installing the finish, it is necessary to calculate the number of lining and purchase products of one batch so that there are no difficulties with installation. But there are also possible combinations of lining of various types. This sometimes allows you to get very interesting effects.
Cork panels
An excellent solution for the interior decoration of a wooden house is cork. Panels made of this natural material are very decorative, easy to install, but somewhat expensive compared to lining. Their main advantages are lightness, environmental friendliness, a wide range of colors and patterns. Cork panels are also extremely hygienic - they do not absorb moisture, do not accumulate dust, and are very easy to clean. When using aromatic detergents, even traces of odor do not remain.
Cork finishing materials are produced in the form of panels and individual tiles of different sizes. This allows you to choose the desired configuration for facing large walls in spacious rooms, as well as rooms of limited size. Installation is done using special glue.
Examples of cork panels in the interior:
Materials suitable for wooden houses
In addition to wooden lining and natural cork, other materials of artificial origin are used for wall decoration, which include a certain percentage of synthetics and natural components.
Fiberboard panels
One of the most common are the fiberboard wall panels - wood-fiber board. It is produced by the method of pressing crushed to a state of individual wood fibers and natural binders.
With sharp changes in temperature, the fiberboard does not crack or deform, at least significantly. When heated, it does not emit volatile substances that can cause irritation or allergies. The sheets are quite thin and large in area. This allows you to install them both on load-bearing walls and on partitions. A wide selection of surface finishes makes it possible to choose a panel for any interior.
The most common panels with the following decor:
Tree.
Mosaic.
Tile.
A natural stone.
Decorative plaster.
The cloth.
Panels moderately priced are sometimes made so high-quality that the imitation does not differ from the selected real material either in appearance or in strength.
MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard)
MDF resembles fiberboard, but more dense. Such boards are made from more finely chopped wood raw materials based on binding lignin, a product of high-temperature distillation of wood raw materials. After pressing, durable panels with a very smooth surface are obtained, which can be painted, washed, wallpapered, laminated.
Laminated MDF panels are available in the form of individual tiles up to 1X1 m in size, large sheets in area up to 3X1.5 m in size or long lamellas resembling a lining. The thickness of the panels is 7 - 12 mm. The panel is attached to the crate or directly to the wall, if its surface is quite smooth. Like conventional fiberboard, the MDF panel is absolutely safe in an environmental sense.
Drywall
Due to its structure, drywall is as appropriate in a wooden house as in a stone or brick. Faced with GKL wooden wall, you can be sure that it will be in optimal conditions for humidity and temperature, it will not accumulate excess moisture or create conditions for the appearance of mold or rot. But for insurance before installing drywall, it is necessary to treat the wood surface with antiseptics and long-acting fungicides.The surface of the gypsum board is plastered and painted, as in an ordinary house, you can install ceramic tiles or some other type of decor used in stone houses.
Gypsum fiber sheet
Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a material made from ground pulp and gypsum. HVL is homogeneous in its structure and is produced by dry pressing. The most optimal areas of application of this material are places where there are increased requirements for fire safety. In addition, this material is used to create partitions and wall cladding where high demands are placed on protection against impact.
Usually, one type of material is used for decorating a house in all rooms - this is more convenient for its further processing. But there are options for combining finishing methods, for example, lining in the hallway and on the landing and MDF or cork in general rooms, drywall with ceramic tiles in the kitchen and bathroom.
There are many options than decorating the walls in a wooden house inside. You need to choose the one that most suits the situation and financial capabilities. But there are a number of materials that it is undesirable to use for interior decoration of a wooden house for various reasons.
What materials are not recommended for finishing a wooden house in view of their low environmental friendliness
There are several types of finishing materials that have excellent strength indicators, high decorative properties, moisture resistance and resistance to fungus and mold, but not suitable for use as an interior finish.
The reason is that in their production binders based on formaldehyde and other resins are used, which, even when heated to room temperature, emit an insignificant but noticeable amount of fumes that adversely affect a person. If the walls do not pose a hazard with external cladding with such materials - most harmful components escape into the atmosphere, then in a closed room their concentration can reach a dangerous level.
Such materials include:
- Chipboard;
- OSB
- Chipboard;
- PVC panels
- Plywood.
It is not recommended to use them even in technical and utility rooms.
The choice of materials for the interior decoration of a wooden house is huge. In the work it is necessary to follow not personal similarities, but the recommendations of specialists.
